使用Linux搭建Python Django服务器

最近用腾讯云购买了一个轻量服务器，然后折腾了一下，成功在上面部署了一个Python Django服务程序，记录一下

一、Linux版本的选择

运行Python310的Django 4.1.2

• 腾讯云CentOS8系统和Ubuntu 20可用
• 腾讯云的CentOS 7系统，Django会报Sqlite错

SQLITE 3.8.3 OR LATER IS REQUIRED

在使用Python310版本时，上述错误暂时没有解决办法。

最终，先用Ubuntu 20版本的系统。

二、在Ubuntu 20上安装Python310

参考资料：https://www.cnblogs.com/jsdy/p/12694908.html
安装此资料参考下来，没有遇到问题

1. 先update一下

sudo apt update

2. 安装依赖库

sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev libbz2-dev libssl-dev libncurses5-dev libsqlite3-dev libreadline-dev tk-dev libgdbm-dev libdb-dev libpcap-dev xz-utils libexpat1-dev liblzma-dev libffi-dev libc6-dev

3. 下载Python3安装包，并解压

tar zxvf Python-3.10.0.tgz

进入Python-3.10目录:

cd Python-3.10.0

4. 设置编译选项:

./configure --enable-optimizations

会有以下类似的输出:

....
checking whether gcc -pthread supports computed gotos... yes
checking for build directories... done
checking for -O2... yes
checking for glibc _FORTIFY_SOURCE/memmove bug... no
checking for gcc ipa-pure-const bug... no
checking for stdatomic.h... no
checking for builtin __atomic_load_n and __atomic_store_n functions... yes
checking for ensurepip... upgrade
checking if the dirent structure of a d_type field... yes
checking for the Linux getrandom() syscall... yes
checking for the getrandom() function... no
...

5. 编译和安装Python310：

sudo make altinstall

此步耗费较长时间，会有类似以下的输出：

....
running install_scripts
copying build/scripts-3.10/pydoc3.10 -> /usr/local/bin
copying build/scripts-3.10/idle3.10 -> /usr/local/bin
copying build/scripts-3.10/2to3-3.10 -> /usr/local/bin
changing mode of /usr/local/bin/pydoc3.10 to 755
changing mode of /usr/local/bin/idle3.10 to 755
changing mode of /usr/local/bin/2to3-3.10 to 755
rm /usr/local/lib/python3.10/lib-dynload/_sysconfigdata__linux_x86_64-linux-gnu.py
rm -r /usr/local/lib/python3.10/lib-dynload/__pycache__
/bin/install -c -m 644 ./Misc/python.man \
/usr/local/share/man/man1/python3.10.1
if test "xupgrade" != "xno"  ; then \
case upgrade in \
upgrade) ensurepip="--altinstall --upgrade" ;; \
install|*) ensurepip="--altinstall" ;; \
esac; \
 ./python -E -m ensurepip \
$ensurepip --root=/ ; \
fi
...

6. 检查版本Python 3.10

$ python3.10 --version Python 3.10.0
Pip3.10 must also have been installed. Run the command below to check:
$ pip3.10 --version pip 21.2.3 from /usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip (python 3.10)

至此，应该安装完成

三、安装django

1. 使用pip3.10安装django（这边会自动安装4.1.2）

pip3.10 install django

2. 创建django工程

参考资料：https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.1/intro/tutorial01/

打开终端，创建名为mysite的django工程输入：

$ django-admin startproject mysite

进入mysite目录，运行：

$ python3.10 manage.py runserver

看到类似下面输出即表示运行成功：

Performing system checks...

System check identified no issues (0 silenced).

You have unapplied migrations; your app may not work properly until they are applied.
Run 'python manage.py migrate' to apply them.

October 21, 2022 - 15:50:53
Django version 4.1, using settings 'mysite.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CONTROL-C.

3. 访问django

浏览器输入上述的url：http://127.0.0.1:8000/

如果部署后，发现页面的样式丢失的解决办法：

参考资料：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_37780940/article/details/119965539

a. setting.py 添加 STATIC_ROOT

STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')

b. 执行，重新收集样式:

$ python3.10 manage.py collectstatic